The presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is closely associated with poor prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

We aimed to confirm the predictive ability of the presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) for prognosis and the associations between IDC-P and clinicopathological parameters. Studies were identified in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS up to December 1, 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) for survival data and odds ratios for clinicopathological data with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I

Audiovisual Sexual Stimulation and RigiScan Test for the Diagnosis of Erectile Dysfunction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Currently available evaluation criteria for penile tumescence and rigidity have been fraught with controversy. In this study, we sought to establish normative Chinese evaluation criteria for penile tumescence and rigidity by utilizing audiovisual sexual stimulation and RigiScan™ test (AVSS-Rigiscan test) with the administration of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor.</p><p><b>Methods</b>A total of 1169 patients (aged 18-67 years) complained of erectile dysfunction (ED) underwent AVSS-RigiScan test with the administration of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. A total of 1078 patients whose final etiological diagnosis was accurate by means of history, endocrine, vascular, and neurological diagnosis, International Index of Erectile Function 5 questionnaire, and erection hardness score were included in the research. Logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to determine the cutoff value of the RigiScan™ data. Then, the multivariable logistic analysis was used in the selected variables.</p><p><b>Results</b>A normal result is defined as one erection with basal rigidity over 60% sustained for at least 8.75 min, average event rigidity of tip at least 43.5% and base at least 50.5%, average maximum rigidity of tip at least 62.5% and base at least 67.5%, △tumescence (increase of tumescence or maximum-minimum tumescence) of tip at least 1.75 cm and base at least 1.95 cm, total tumescence time at least 29.75 min, and times of total tumescence at least once. Most importantly, basal rigidity over 60% sustained for at least 8.75 min, average event rigidity of tip at least 43.5%, and base at least 50.5% would be the new normative Chinese evaluation criteria for penile tumescence and rigidity. By multivariable logistic regression analysis, six significant RigiScan™ parameters including times of total tumescence, duration of erectile episodes over 60%, average event rigidity of tip, △tumescence of tip, average event rigidity of base, and △tumescence of base contribute to the risk model of ED. In logistic regression equation, predict value P < 0.303 was considered as psychogenic ED. The sensitivity and specificity of the AVSS-RigiScan test with the administration of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor in discriminating psychogenic from organic ED was 87.7% and 93.4%, respectively.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>This study suggests that AVSS-RigiScan test with oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors can objectively assess penile tumescence and rigidity and seems to be a better modality in differentiating psychogenic from organic ED. However, due to the limited sample size, bias cannot be totally excluded.</p>

Thulium laser vaporization versus transurethral resection of the prostate and risk factors for postoperative urethral stricture / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To compare thulium laser vaporization of the prostate (TLVP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) analyze the risk factors for postoperative urethral stricture.@*METHODS@#From June 2015 to June 2016, 210 BPH patients in our hospital underwent TURP (n = 126) or TLVP (n = 84). We followed up the patients for 6 months, compared the effects of the two surgical strategies and analyzed the risk factors for postoperative urethral stricture by multivariate logistic regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with TURP, TLVP achieved significantly shorter time of operation (［78.6 ± 27.5］ vs ［53.2 ± 21.6］ min, P <0.01), postoperative bladder irrigation (［31.5 ± 2.9］ vs ［26.1 ± 3.7］ h, P <0.01), urethral catheterization (［5.3 ± 1.7］ vs ［3.7 ± 1.5］ d, P <0.01) and postoperative hospitalization (［7.9 ± 2.1］ vs ［5.5 ± 1.4］ d, P <0.01) as well as lower urinary leukocyte count at 6 months after surgery (［32.1 ± 12.6］ vs ［24.9 ± 11.7］ /μl, P <0.01) and incidence rate of postoperative complications (11.9% ［15/126］ vs 3.6% ［3/84］, P <0.05), particularly that of urethral stricture (7.9% ［10/126］ vs 1.2% ［1/84］, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the preoperative urinary leukocyte count, postoperative urethral catheterization time, and surgical method were independent risk factors for postoperative urethral stricture.@*CONCLUSIONS@#TLVP, in comparison with TURP, has the advantages of definite effect, fast recovery, high safety and low incidence of postoperative urethral stricture. The main risk factors for postoperative urethral stricture include preoperative urinary tract infection, postoperative urethral catheterization time and surgical method.

Prostate Cancer Detection with Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 1 versus Version 2 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) is a globally acceptable standardization for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. The American College of Radiology revised the PI-RADS to address the limitations of version 1 in December 2014. This study aimed to determine whether the PI-RADS version 2 (PI-RADS v2) scoring system improves the diagnostic accuracy of mp-MRI of the prostate compared with PI-RADS v1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. A total of 401 consecutive patients, with clinically suspicious PCa undergoing 3.0 T mp-MRI (T2-weighted imaging + diffusion-weighted imaging + DCE) before transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy between June 2013 and July 2015, were included in the study. All patients were scored using the 5-point PI-RADS scoring system based on either PI-RADS v1 or v2. Receiver operating characteristics were calculated for statistical analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were compared using McNemar's test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PCa was present in 150 of 401 (37.41%) patients. When we pooled data from both peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ), the areas under the curve were 0.889 for PI-RADS v1 and 0.942 for v2 (P = 0.0001). Maximal accuracy was achieved with a score threshold of 4. At this threshold, in the PZ, similar sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were achieved with v1 and v2 (all P > 0.05). In the TZ, sensitivity was higher for v2 than for v1 (96.36% vs. 76.36%, P = 0.003), specificity was similar for v2 and v1 (90.24% vs. 84.15%, P = 0.227), and accuracy was higher for v2 than for v1 (92.70% vs. 81.02%, P = 0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both v1 and v2 showed good diagnostic performance for the detection of PCa. However, in the TZ, the performance was better with v2 than with v1.</p>

Androgen may improve erectile function in castrated rats by regulating the ERK1/2 pathway / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway in erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by the absence of testosterone (T).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly divided 30 eight-week-old healthy male SD rats into groups A (control) , B (castration), and C (castration + androgen replacement). The rats in groups B and C were castrated surgically, and those in C injected with T undecanoate (100 mg/kg) at 1 week after castration, while the others with 0.9% normal saline instead. At 1 month after treatment, we determined the serum T level, intracavernous pressure (ICP), and mean carotid arterial pressure (MAP) of the rats, and detected the expressions of ERK1/2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum T level was significantly lower in group B ([1.27 ± 0.48] nmol/L) than in A ([17.14 ± 1.07] nmol/L) and C ([16.24 ± 1.90] nmol/L) (P < 0.05), and so were ICP and MAP (P < 0.05). The expression of ERK1/2 showed no statistically significant differences among the three groups (P > 0.05), that of phosphatase ERK1/2 was markedly higher while that of eNOS remarkably lower in group B than in A and C (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Androgen replacement may improve the erectile function of castrated rats by regulating the ERK1/2 pathway.</p>

Staging treatment for complex tibial metaphyseal fractures with external fixator / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effects of combined type external fixator in treating complex tibial metaphyseal fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2007 to July 2012, 34 patients with complex tibial metaphyseal fractures were treated with combined type external fixator in different stagings. There were 23 males and 11 females, with a mean age of 41.3 years (ranged, 16 to 63), and the course of disease were from 1 h to 8 d. In the patients, 31 cases were open fractures, 11 cases with type II, 13 cases with type III A, 7 cases with type III B according with Gustilo classification; 19 cases were tibia plateau fractures, 6 cases with type II, 1 case with type IV, 5 cases with type V, 7 cases with type VI according to Schatzker classification; 15 cases were distal tibial fractures (one were bilateral fractures), 2 fractures with type A2, 1 fracture with type A3, 1 fracture with type C1, 5 fractures with type C2, 7 fractures with type C3 according to AO classification. Rasmussensn scoring system and AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale were respectively used to assess the joint function of knee and hip.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Wound surface of 19 patients obtained at phase I healing and 15 patients obtained at phase III healing. Superficial wound infections occurred in 2 cases and bone non-union necessitated reoperation occurred in 2 cases (final fractures obtained bone healing after the second operation). All patients were followed up from 6 to 38 months with a mean of 14.3 months. At the final follow-up,according to Rasmussensn scoring system, 5 fractures got excellent results, 11 good, 3 fair, the mean Rasmussen score was 23.58 +/- 3.98; according to AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale, 5 fractures got excellent results, 8 good, 3 fair, the mean AOFAS Ankle Hind -foot Scale was 80.75 +/- 14.21.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined type external fixator can well maintain the stability of the fractures, had advantages of low incidences of soft tissue complications and less influence to joint motion in treatment of complicated tibial metaphyseal fractures. However there were some limitations in long-term use.</p>

Clinical features on chromophobe renal cell carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To explore the clinical, pathological features and prognosis of patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 1998 to January 2008, clinical data of 29 patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma including clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, treatment models, pTNM stages and follow-up results, were summarized to investigate its features and prognosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All cases had no obvious clinical and preoperative imaging presentation. There were 23 patients underwent radical nephrectomy, and 6 cases underwent nephron sparing surgery. Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Macroscopically, the cut surface of the tumors were generally beige in color. Histologically, it showed polygonal chromophobe cells and small round eosinophilic cells with eccentric hyaline degeneration. These tumor cells had a clear and sharp membrane, lightly stained abundant cytoplasm with a fine reticular translucent pattern and irregular nuclei. And a perinuclear halo was often seen in these cells. Histochemically, the tumor cells generally show a diffuse and strong reaction for CK-8 with a negative expression of Vimentin. The pTNM stages of the tumor were as follows, pT1N0M0 in 11 cases, pT2N0M0 in 8 cases, pT3aN0M0 in 5 cases, pT1N1M0 in 3 cases, pT2N1M0 in 2 cases. Twenty-six cases of patients were followed up (24 to 144 months, with an average of 90 months), 3 cases died of cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and local recurrence involved in 6 cases with reoperation in 4 cases, as well as distant metastasis in 1 case. Twenty-one cases survived with tumor-free. The statistical results indicated that the survival rates of the patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in five years and ten years were 83.9%, 77.9%, respectively, compared with renal cell carcinoma of the same stage 63.8% and 49.9% at the same periods, and there is no difference in the survival rate of five years (P > 0.05) but significant difference in that of ten years (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is a morphologically uncommon subtype of renal cell carcinoma with the good prognosis. Definite diagnosis depends on its typical pathological feature. Radical nephrectomy is the first choice for the treatment of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.</p>

Differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells into smooth-muscle-like cells in vitro / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the feasibility of inducing the differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into smooth-muscle-like cells in monolayer culture in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ADSCs were obtained from the adipose of the inguinal region of the SD rat. A growth curve of the ADSCs was drawn. The fourth passage ADSCs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes with adipogenic inducing fluid and determined by Oil Red O staining, into osteoblasts with osteogenic inducing fluid and determined by Von Kossa staining, as well as into smooth-muscle-like cells with inducing fluid containing beta-mercaptoethanol, and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was detected by the immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ADSCs presented spindle and polygon shapes and proliferated rapidly in vitro. The growth curve showed the ADSCs in the logarithmic growth phase two days after subculture. The fourth passage ADSCs exhibited red stained lipid droplets characteristic of adipocytes in the cytoplasm on Oil Red O staining after induction with adipogenic inducing fluid, and calcium nodes on Von Kossa staining after induction with osteogenic inducing fluid. The immunohistochemical results of the ADSCs induced into smooth-muscle-like cells showed that the positive rate of alpha-SMA in the beta-mercaptoethanol induced cells was (29.80 +/- 6.89)%, significantly higher than in the uninduced ones ([2.89 +/- 1.24]%, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ADSCs displayed obvious characteristics of smooth muscle cells after induction, and could be a new source of cells in the tissue engineering studies of smooth muscle related diseases.</p>

Observation of the changes in ventral prostatic microcirculation in castrated rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Castrated rats exhibit significant shrinkage of the ventral prostate and apoptosis of prostatic cells, which can be attributed to the reduced blood supply to the prostate. But what causes the blood decrease in the prostate remains unknown. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of the changes in the microcirculation of the ventral prostate of rats following castration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomized 24 male adult rats into 6 groups of equal number, and collected their ventral prostates at 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 3 and 7 d, respectively, after castration. Then we observed the changes of the microvessels under the transmission electron microscope, detected the apoptosis of endothelial cells by TUNEL, and determined the expressions of VEGF, endostatin, angiostatin and angiopoietin-2 by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The castrated rats showed dramatic changes in the microvessels of the ventral prostate, obvious apoptosis of the endothelial cells, down-regulated expression of VEGF, and up-regulated expressions of endostatin and angiostatin, while angiopoietin-2 remained unchanged.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The decreased level of VEGF and increased levels of endostatin and angiostatin might underlie the mechanism of the changes in the microcirculation of the ventral prostate of rats following castration.</p>

Application of inversion-table in the treatment of lower pole renal stones / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of inversion-table in the treatment of lower pole renal stones.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2006 to September 2008, 36 patients with lower pole renal calculi were treated by inversion-table, 13 cases with stone diameter from 4 mm to 20 mm received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) combined with inversion-table treatment and other 23 cases with stone diameter from 2 mm to 4mm received inversion-table treatment alone.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of 36 cases underwent inversion-table treatment successfully and no one had cardio-cerebral accident. After following up 3 months, the radiologically documented complete stone clearance rate at 3 months group was 83.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inversion-table treatment is a safe and valuable adjunct in assisting passage of lower pole renal stone fragments after mini-invasive treatment of stone and can improve stone-free rate.</p>

Effects of testosterone on the proliferation of rat corpus cavernosum cells in vitro / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of testosterone on the proliferation of penile corpus cavernosal cells in male SD rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts collected from the corpus cavernosal tissues of male SD rats were cultured by the enzymatic dispersion method and detected for the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) by immunohistochemistry. The effects of testosterone on the SMCs and fibroblasts were observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay in different concentration groups (10(-8) mol/L, 10(-7) mol/L, 10(-6) mol/L, 10(-5) mol/L, 10(-4) mol/L and 10(-3) mol/L) in comparison with the control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The AR expression was found in the penile corpus cavernosal tissues. MTT assay showed that, at the concentration of 10(-5) mol/L, testosterone induced the proliferation of SMCs (68100 +/- 2200) and fibroblasts (70200 +/- 1300), with significant differences from the control ( P < 0.05), while at 10(-4) mol/L, it inhibited their proliferation (55000 +/- 1400 and 59100 +/- 1500, respectively), (P < 0.01). No significant effects were noted in the other concentration groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AR exists in the penile corpus cavernosal tissues of male rats. Testosterone modulates the proliferation of corpus cavernosum tissue cells through AR, and different concentrations of testosterone may be positively or negatively correlated with the proliferation of SMCs and fibroblasts.</p>

Hypothalamus may be involved in psychogenic erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of hypothalamus metabolism in patients with psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) so as to get some clues to the possible pathogenic factors and pathophysiological mechanism of the problem.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six cases of psychogenic ED and 4 normal volunteers were studied by positron emission tomography (PET) for the characteristics of hypothalamus glucose metabolism. Following audiovisual sexual stimulation, the concentration of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) was determined and the ratio of the left (right) hypothalamus count to the cerebrum count was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Audiovisual sexual stimulation significantly increased 18F-FDG in the volunteers (left: 1.026 +/- 0.115 vs 2.400 +/- 0.210; right: 1.003 +/- 0.187 vs 2.389 +0.196, P < 0.05) as compared with the psychogenic ED patients (left: 2.781 +/- 0.156 vs 2.769 +/- 0.223; right: 2.809 +/- 0.129 vs 2.793 +/- 0.217, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Psychogenic ED may not be simply a functional disease; the hypothalamus may be involved in the pathophysiology of the problem.</p>

Experimental study of augmentation phalloplasty using tunica vaginalis grafts in bilateral albuginea of penile corpus / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect and complications of augmentation phalloplasty by implanting autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts into the bilateral albuginea of the penile corpus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five mongrel dogs underwent augmentation phalloplasty with bilateral autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts. The increase in the volume of the corpora cavernosa was achieved by applying autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts to longitudinal openings made bilaterally in the albuginea along the whole length of the penile cavernous corpora. The perimeter of the penile cavernous corpora was measured in the flaccid state and during erection and dynamic infusion cavernosometry (DIC) was conducted for each dog before and after the operation. Histology of the penis was examined using hematoxylin and eosin stains.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average increase in the perimeter of the penile cavernous corpora was 21. 1% in the erectile state but unobvious in the flaccid state 3 months after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in cavernosometric parameters before and after the operation, and neither were there any other severe postoperative complications. The grafts had mild inflammatory reaction and fibrosis with apparent reformation of the tunica albuginea over the patch site.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The augmentation phalloplasty technique with bilateral autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts was proved to be effective and reliable with few complications, particularly conspicuous in increasing the volume of the erectile tissues during erection.</p>

A clinical study of prostat combined with an antibiotic for chronic nonbacterial prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Prostate in combination with an antibiotic for the treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A double-blind, parallel contrasted, multi-central method was applied in the study. After the Stamey test and expressed prostate secretion (EPS) examination, 160 patients with prostatitis were recruited and randomized into a trial group (80 cases with 1 case missing) and a control group (80 cases). In the trial group, the patients used the levofloxacin and Prostate during the first 4 weeks and Prostate only during the following 4 weeks. In the control group, the patients used the levofloxacin and placebo during the first 4 weeks, and placebo only during the following 4 weeks. Before and 4 and 8 weeks after the treatment, the patients were visited and evaluated by the national institute health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), EPS, and asked about the side.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 4-week and 8-week treatment, the pain index dropped by 3.34 +/- 2.45 and 4.06 +/- 3.03 in the trial group, and effects. 2.28 +/- 2.42 and 3.30 +/- 3.29 in the control; the voiding index dropped by 2.22 +/- 1.79 and 2.77 +/- 2.04 in the trial group, and 1.24 +/- 1.67 and 1.83 +/- 2.25 in the control respectively. There was significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment in both the two groups (P < 0.01), while the difference was not significant between 4-week and 8-week post-treatment (P > 0.05). And there was significant difference between the two groups in the pain index and voiding index (P < 0.01), but not in the white blood cell count and lipid in the EPS (P > 0.05). No serious side effects were recorded, and the tolerance to Prostate and placebo showed no significant difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prostate in combination with an antibiotic can effectively relieve the pain and voiding symptoms and improve the life quality of the patients with nonbacterial prostatitis and well deserves to be recommended in clinical practice.</p>

Effects of tetrandrine on cytosolic free calcium concentration in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of rabbits / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the relaxation mechanisms of tetrandrine (Tet) on the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells from New Zealand white rabbits were cultured in vitro. [Ca(2+)](i) was measured by Fluorescence Ion Digital Imaging System, using Fluo-2/AM as a Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent indicator.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tet (1, 10 and 100 micromol/L) had no effect on the resting [Ca(2+)](i) (P>0.05). In the presence of extracellular Ca(2+) (2.5 mmol/L), Tet (1, 10 and 100 micromol/L) inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) elevation induced by high K(+) and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner (P>0.05). In calcium free solution containing egtaic acid, Tet (1 and 10 micromol/L) had no inhibitory effects on [Ca(2+)](i) elevation induced by PE (P>0.05). However, Tet (100 micromol/L) inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) elevation induced by PE (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tet inhibited the Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular site via voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-operated Ca(2+) channel. At a high concentration, Tet might inhibit the cytosolic calcium pool release in cultured corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells. This inhibitory action on [Ca(2+)](i) might be one of the relaxation mechanisms of Tet on the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.</p>

Microcirculation changes in the ventral prostates of rats after castration / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the microcirculation changes in the ventral prostates of rats after castration and the role of microcirculation during the apoptosis of prostatic cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six male adult rats were randomized to 6 groups: one was taken as the control, while the other 5 underwent measurement of the microcirculation in vivo by a D95 physiological signal acquisition system 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d respectively after castration, and then were perfused with Chinese ink to trace the microvessels of the prostates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The microcirculation of the rats'prostates changed dramatically following castration. The diameter and density of the microvessels, especially in the distant and mediate ducts of the prostates, decreased dramatically, and so did the bloodflow velocity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The microcirculation plays a role during the process of apoptosis of prostatic cells, and might be the mechanism of " apoptosis shift".</p>

The relaxation effects of six extracts from Chinese herbs on the corpus cavernosum tissue of rabbit in vitro / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relaxants effects of six extractions from Chinese Herbs (neferine, tetrandrine, kakonein, scutellarin, ginsenoside Rgl and ginsenoside Rb1) on the corpus cavernosum tissue of rabbit in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Isolated stripes of rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue were precontracted with 10(-5) mol/L phenylephrine (PE). Relaxation in response to cumulative doses of six extracts at (10(-8) - 10(-3)) mol/L was determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On rabbit cavernosal muscle stripes precontracted with PE, neferine, tetrandrine, kakonein and scutellarin showed dose dependent relaxation. IC50 values were 4.60 x 10(-6), 3.73 x 10(-5), 8.03 x 10(-4) and 3.33 x 10(-3) mol/L, respectively. However, in the meantime, it was found that the relaxant effects of ginsenoside Rgl and ginsenoside Rbl less significant to stripes precontracted with PE. When the final concentration was 10(-3) mol/L, the relaxations were only (16.32 +/- 5.45)% and (11.21 +/- 3.10)%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Among the six extracts which showed relaxant effects to rabbit cavernosal muscle stripes precontracted with PE, neferine had greater functions than the other five extracts.</p>

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic management of primary aldosteronism with report of 130 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial or total adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2000 to September 2003, 130 patients (76 women and 54 men) with a confirmed diagnosis of primary aldosteronism underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation. Of the 130 cases, there were 119 cases with Aldosterone-producing Adenoma and 11 cases with Idiopathic Adrenal Hyperplasia (unilateral of 2 cases). Eleven cases with Idiopathic Adrenal Hyperplasia underwent unilateral adrenalectomy. Of the 119 cases with Aldosterone-producing Adenoma, 61 cases underwent total adrenalectomy, and 58 cases underwent partial adrenalectomy. All cases were with preoperatively high plasma aldosterone, low plasma rennin and hypokalemia and arterial hypertension.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Operations were successfully performed in all cases. The operative time ranged from 15 to 225 min (mean 52 +/- 40 min, Md = 43 min) and the operative bleeding ranged from 0 to 200 ml (mean 23 +/- 34 ml, Md = 20 ml, zero bleeding means that less than 5 ml) without blood transfusion. The hospital length of stay was ranged from 3 to 9 d (mean 5.1 +/- 1.3 d). No major complication occurred. Kalemia was normalized within one month and aldosterone/PRA ratio was decreased obviously in all cases. Postoperatively blood pressure was normalized within 2 month in 88 cases without using any drug.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is safe and practical to perform retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial on total adrenalectomy on the patients with primary aldosteronism.</p>

Experience of treating Peyronie's disease by plaque thinning with carbide burs and improved Nesbit technique / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of plaque thinning with carbide burs and improved Nesbit technique in the treatment of Peyronie's disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Follow-up studies were made on 11 patients with Peyronie's disease treated by plaque thinning with carbide burs and the improved Nesbit technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Satisfactory results were achieved in all the cases. Nine cases without ED could now complete sexual intercourse. Of the 8 cases with penile curvature, only 2 failed to be completely corrected. And of the 5 cases with erectile pain, only 2 still had slight intermittent pain during erection. However, neither the incompletely corrected curvature nor the slight intermittent pain affected the patients' sexual life.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Plaque thinning with carbide burs and improved Nesbit technique for the treatment of Peyronie's disease have many advantages, such as easy manipulation, good short-term results, few complications, and rare recurrence, while its long-term results are not yet clear.</p>

Single nucleotide polymorphism of caicitonin receptor gene and idiopathic hypercalciuria / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore the association of the calcitonin receptor (CTR) allelic polymor- phism in the 1377 bp region with the risk of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in the Han nationality in Hubei area,and to study the pathogenesis of IH.Methods The CTR genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 76 patients with IH and 126 healthy controls from the Han nationality in Hubei area,using restriction endonuclease AluI.Results The distribution frequen- cies of AluI alleles in the 2 groups followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The distribution frequencies of the CC,TC and TT genotypes were 73.7% ,17.1% and 9.2% in IH patient group,and 89.7% ,9.5% and 0.8% in control group;the distribution frequencies of C and T alleles in the 2 groups were 84.2% ,15.8% and 94.4% ,5.6% ,respectively.The distribution frequencies of T and TT alleles were higher,while those of C and CC alleles were lower,compared with control group;the differences between the 2 groups were signifi- cant (P＜0.05).Conclusions The results indicate that the C/T single nucleotide polymorphism in the CTR gene play a significant role in the mechanism of IH in the Han nationality in Hubei area in China.